Malangizo 5 Opaka Mafuta Kwa Oyamba

Ngati simunaphunzirepo kuyimba nyimbo, kukhala ndi gulu la oimba pogwiritsa ntchito mawu aluso pofotokoza ntchito yawo kungakhale kamvuluvulu wa chinenero chosokoneza, chokongola.Zofananazo zitha kuchitika mukamalankhula ndi ojambula omwe amapaka mafuta: mwadzidzidzi mukukambirana komwe akukangana zamitundu yabwino kwambiri yamitundu, kukambirana zaubwino wa chinsalu motsutsana ndi nsalu, kapena kugawana maphikidwe a gesso opangira tokha, malingaliro a brush, ndi njira yotchedwa "wet-on-wet."Kuchuluka kwa chilankhulo chomwe chimayendera limodzi ndi kupenta mafuta kungamve kukhala kovutirapo poyamba, koma ngati mutenga nthawi kuti mudziwe bwino zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito komanso machitidwe ake abwino, mudzakhala panjira yogwiritsa ntchito sing'anga yazaka zambiri mosavuta.

Ngati mutangoyamba kumene, musayembekezere zenizeni za Old Masters kuchokera pazojambula zanu zoyambirira.Kaya ndinu watsopano kupenta, kapena wojambula yemwe amagwira ntchito mu sing'anga ina, monga acrylics kapena watercolors, zidzatenga nthawi kuti muphunzire makhalidwe enieni a utoto wa mafuta - makamaka nthawi yake yowuma pang'onopang'ono ndi malamulo okhwima opangira.Monga momwe zilili ndi sing'anga iliyonse, ndi bwino kudzichepetsera zomwe mukuyembekezera, ndikudzipatsa mwayi woyesera ndi kuzindikira.

Kuti tithandize akatswiri a maso owala omwe akufuna kuyesa mafuta, tinalankhula ndi akatswiri awiri omwe amaphunzitsanso kujambula ndipo tinalemba mfundo zisanu zokuthandizani kuti muzolowerane ndi sing'angayo.

1. Penta Motetezedwa

Musanayambe, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuganizira komwe mudzapenta.Ma mediums ambiri, monga turpentine, amatulutsa utsi wapoizoni womwe ungayambitse chizungulire, kukomoka, komanso pakapita nthawi, mavuto opuma.Turpentine imakhalanso yoyaka kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale nsanza zomwe zatenga sing'anga zimatha kudziyaka ngati sizitayidwa bwino.Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muzigwira ntchito pamalo opumira mpweya omwe ali ndi njira zotetezeka zotayira.Ngati mulibe luso logwira ntchito pamalo otere, yesanikujambula ndi acrylics, zomwe zingatenge mosavuta makhalidwe ena opaka mafuta mothandizidwa ndi ma mediums apadera.

Ma pigment mu utoto wamafuta nthawi zambiri amakhalamankhwala owopsazomwe zimatha kuyamwa kudzera pakhungu, kotero muyenera kuvala magolovesi oteteza ndi zovala.Akatswiri ambiri ojambula amasungira zovala zina akamagwira ntchito, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amapanga zovala za studio.Kuphatikiza apo, ojambula nthawi zambiri amagula magolovesi a latex mochulukira, koma ngati muli ndi vuto la latex, magolovesi a nitrile amatha kutenga malo awo.Pomaliza, ngati mutapezeka kuti mukugwira ntchito ndi utoto wotayirira, onetsetsani kuti mwavala chopumira.Njirazi zingawoneke ngati zazing'ono kapena zoonekeratu, koma zingathekekupewa kukhudzana kwanthawi yayitaliku zinthu zapoizoni, ndi nkhawa za moyo wonse.

2. Pezani nthawi yodziwa zida zanu

Mukakhazikitsa njira zodzitetezera, mutha kuyambapang'onopang'onopezani zida ndi zida zomwe mumakonda kwambiri.Kawirikawiri, wojambula atangoyamba kupenta mafuta adzafuna kusonkhanitsa maburashi, nsanza, phale, malo oti apentepo (omwe amatchedwa zothandizira), primer, turpentine, sing'anga, ndi machubu ochepa a utoto.

ZaMargaux Valengin, wojambula yemwe waphunzitsidwa ku UK kusukulu monga Manchester School of Art ndi London's Slade School of Fine Art, chida chofunikira kwambiri ndi burashi.“Mukasamalira bwino maburashi anu, adzakhala kwa moyo wanu wonse,” iye anatero.Yambani ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyang'ana kusiyanasiyana kwa mawonekedwe--ozungulira, masikweya, ndi mawonekedwe amakupiza ndi zitsanzo zina - ndi zakuthupi, monga tsitsi la sible kapena bristle.Valengin amalangiza kuti muwagule payekha m'sitolo,ayipa intaneti.Mwanjira iyi mutha kuwona mwakuthupi mikhalidwe ndi kusiyana kwa maburashi musanagule.

Ponena za utoto, Valengin amalimbikitsa kuti mugwiritse ntchito penti yotsika mtengo ngati ndinu woyamba.Phubu la 37 ml la utoto wapamwamba kwambiri wamafuta limatha kupitilira $40, kotero ndikwabwino kugula utoto wotchipa mukamayesa ndikuyesa.Ndipo pamene mukupitiriza kujambula, mudzapeza mitundu ndi mitundu yomwe mumakonda."Mutha kukonda chofiira mu mtundu uwu, ndiyeno mumapeza kuti mumakonda mtundu wina wa buluu," adatero Valengin."Mukadziwa pang'ono zamitundu, ndiye kuti mutha kugulitsa mitundu yoyenera."

Kuti muwonjezere maburashi anu ndi utoto, onetsetsani kuti mwagula mpeni wa palette kuti musakanize mitundu yanu - kuchita zimenezi ndi burashi m'malo mwake kumatha kuwononga bristles pakapita nthawi.Kwa phale, akatswiri ambiri amaikapo galasi lalikulu, koma Valengin amanena kuti ngati mutapeza galasi lopuma, mukhoza kuligwiritsa ntchito pongokulunga m'mphepete mwake ndi tepi.

Kuti apange chinsalu kapena zothandizira zina, ojambula ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito acrylic gesso - choyambira choyera choyera - koma mungagwiritsenso ntchito guluu wa khungu la kalulu, lomwe limauma bwino.Mudzafunikanso zosungunulira, monga turpentine, kuti muchepetse utoto wanu, ndipo ojambula ambiri nthawi zambiri amasunga mitundu ingapo yamafuta opangira mafuta pamanja.Ma mediums ena, monga mafuta a linseed, amathandizira utoto wanu kuuma mwachangu, pomwe ena, monga mafuta oyimira, amakulitsa nthawi yowuma.

Mafuta a penti amaumakwambiripang'onopang'ono, ndipo ngakhale pamwamba pakhala youma, utoto pansi ukhoza kukhala wonyowa.Mukamagwiritsa ntchito utoto wopangidwa ndi mafuta, muyenera kukumbukira malamulo awiri awa: 1) utoto wokhazikika (kapena "mafuta otsamira"), ndi 2) osanjikiza ma acrylics pamwamba pa mafuta.Kupaka utoto "wotsamira mpaka wandiweyani" kumatanthauza kuti muyenera kuyamba zojambula zanu ndi utoto wochepa kwambiri, ndipo mukamakula pang'onopang'ono, muyenera kuwonjezera turpentine yocheperako komanso sing'anga yowonjezera mafuta;mwinamwake, zigawo za utoto zidzauma mosagwirizana, ndipo pakapita nthawi, pamwamba pa zojambula zanu zidzasweka.Zomwezo zimapitanso pakuyika ma acrylics ndi mafuta - ngati simukufuna kuti utoto wanu uphwanyike, nthawi zonse muziika mafuta pamwamba pa acrylics.

3. Chepetsani phale lanu

Mukapita kukagula utoto, mutha kukumana ndi utawaleza wokulirapo wamitundu.M'malo mogula mtundu uliwonse womwe mungafune kuti mukhale nawo muzojambula zanu, yambani ndi zochepa chabe - sankhani machubu mosamala."Njira yabwino kwambiri yoyambira ndikuchepetsa phale lanu," adateroSedrick Chisom, wojambula yemwe amaphunzitsa ku Virginia Commonwealth University."Nthawi zambiri, cadmium lalanje kapena ultramarine blue combo ndi chisankho chabwino poyambira," anawonjezera.Mukamagwira ntchito ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana, monga buluu ndi lalanje, zimakukakamizani kuyang'ana zamtengo wapatali - - momwe mtundu wanu ulili wopepuka kapena wakuda - - m'malo mwa mphamvu kapena chroma.

Ngati muwonjezera chubu chimodzi pa phale lanu, monga cadmium yellow light (yellow yellow), kapena alizarin crimson (mtundu wa magenta), mudzawona mitundu yochepa yomwe mukufunikira kuti mupange mtundu wina uliwonse."Mu sitolo, amagulitsa mitundu yonse ya masamba omwe mungathe kupanga ndi chikasu ndi buluu," adatero Valengin.Ndi bwino kuyesa kupanga mitundu yanuyanu.

Ngati simukugwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha mitundu, yesani kupanga tchati kuti muwone momwe mitundu yanu imasakanikirana: yambani ndi kujambula gululi, kenako ikani mtundu uliwonse pamwamba ndi pansi.Pa lalikulu lililonse, sakanizani mitundu yofanana mpaka mutadzaza tchati ndi mitundu yonse yosakanikirana.

4. Yesani kujambula ndi mpeni wa palette

Ntchito yoyamba yomwe Chisom amalimbikitsa kwa ojambula atsopano ndikupanga chojambula pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni wa palette m'malo mwa maburashi."Limodzi mwavuto lalikulu lomwe limakhalapo likukhudzana ndi kuganiza kuti luso lojambula limamasulira kupenta," adatero Chisom."Ophunzira amakhazikika pamalingaliro ojambulira ndipo amatengeka mwachangu ndi nkhawa za utoto wamafuta - kuti zinthuzo sizowuma, mtunduwo ukhoza kupanga chithunzi bwino kuposa mzere nthawi zambiri, kuti zinthuzo ndi theka. wa penti, etc."

Kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni wa palette kumakupangitsani kutalikirana ndi malingaliro olondola ndi mzere, ndikukupangitsani kuyang'ana momwe kukankhira ndi kukoka kwamtundu ndi mawonekedwe kungapangire chithunzi.Chisom amalimbikitsa kugwira ntchito pamtunda womwe uli pafupifupi mainchesi 9 mpaka 13, popeza malo okulirapo angakulimbikitseni kupanga zilembo zazikulu, zolimba mtima.

5. Lembani mutu womwewo mobwerezabwereza

M'kalasi langa loyamba lopenta mafuta monga wophunzira wa luso la The Cooper Union, ndinakwiya ndi ntchito imodzi makamaka: Tinayenera kujambula moyo womwewo, mobwerezabwereza, kwa miyezi itatu.Koma ndikayang'ana m'mbuyo, tsopano ndikuwona kufunika kokhala ndi phunziro lokhazikika pophunzira luso lojambula.

Ngati mumamatira ku kujambula mutu womwewo kwa nthawi yaitali, mudzakhala omasuka ku chitsenderezo cha "kusankha" zomwe zimalowa mu chithunzi chanu, ndipo m'malo mwake, malingaliro anu olenga adzawala pogwiritsa ntchito utoto wanu.Ngati chidwi chanu chikuyang'ana pa njira zopangira mafuta, mukhoza kuyamba kumvetsera kwambiri brushstroke iliyonse-momwe imatsogolera kuwala, momwe imapangidwira kapena yowonda kwambiri, kapena zomwe zikutanthawuza.“Tikayang’ana chithunzithunzi, timatha kuona zizindikiro za burashi, timatha kuona mtundu wa maburashi amene wopentayo anagwiritsira ntchito, ndipo nthaŵi zina ojambula amayesa kufafaniza chizindikirocho.Ena amagwiritsa ntchito nsanza,” adatero Valengin."Zimene wojambulayo amachita pansalu zimapatsadi chinthu chapadera."

Mtundu wa wojambula ukhoza kukhala wovuta kwambiri monga momwe akujambula.Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhalapo pamene ojambula amagwira ntchito "yonyowa-pa-yonyowa" - njira yomwe utoto wonyowa umayikidwa mu utoto wapitawo, womwe sunawumebe.Mukamagwira ntchito mwanjira iyi, zimakhala zovuta kusanjikiza utoto kuti mupange chinyengo cha chithunzi chenicheni, kotero kuti tactility ndi fluidity ya utoto imakhala lingaliro lapakati.Kapena nthawi zina, monga mu utoto wa Colour Field, chojambula chidzagwiritsa ntchito ndege zazikulu zamtundu kuti zipangitse chidwi kapena mlengalenga.Nthawi zina, m'malo mofotokoza nkhani kudzera muzithunzi, ndi momwe chithunzi chimapangidwira chomwe chimafotokozera nkhani.