Kupaka mafuta;Chojambula mumafuta ndi chojambula chomwe chimapangidwa pansalu, nsalu, makatoni kapena matabwa okhala ndi mafuta owuma mwachangu (mafuta a linseed, mafuta a poppy, mafuta a mtedza, etc.) osakanikirana ndi ma pigment.Chocheperako chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popenta ndi turpentine wosakhazikika komanso mafuta owuma a linseed.Utoto womwe umaphatikizidwa pachithunzichi uli ndi kuuma kolimba, chithunzicho chikawuma, chimatha kukhalabe gloss kwa nthawi yayitali.Chifukwa cha mphamvu yophimba ndi kuwonekera kwa inki, zinthu zomwe zikuwonetsedwa zimayimiridwa mokwanira, zokhala ndi mitundu yolemera komanso mawonekedwe amphamvu amitundu itatu.Kujambula kwamafuta ndi chimodzi mwazojambula zazikulu zakumadzulo.Zotsatirazi ndikuyambitsa njira zopenta za penti ya mafuta.
Kujambula pakhoma woganiza kumagwirizanitsa njira 15 zomwe penti yamafuta iyenera kudziwa:
1. Wokhumudwandi njira yopaka utoto ndi muzu wa burashi yamafuta.Pambuyo kukanikiza cholembera, kupanga pang'ono kubwerera mmbuyo ndiyeno kukweza izo, monga inverse kutsogolo kwa calligraphy, wamphamvu ndi wamphamvu.Kusiyana kwa nib ndi muzu wa cholembera kuviika mtundu, malinga ndi malangizo a kulemera kwa cholembera akhoza kupanga zosiyanasiyana kusintha ndi chidwi, makamaka youma utoto popanda dilution.
2. KusisitaNjira yoviika burashi ya penti kapena cholembera chamitundumitundu ndikuchisisita pang'onopang'ono pazenera imatchedwa kumenya.Kugunda kungathe kutulutsa mawonekedwe enaake osasunthika, omwe sawoneka bwino kapena osavuta, komanso amatha kuthana ndi sitiroko yamphamvu kapena mtundu, kuti afooke.
3.Kukandaamatanthauza njira yophatikizira mwachindunji mitundu iwiri kapena zingapo pa chithunzi ndi cholembera.Pambuyo pophatikizana, kusintha kwachilengedwe kusakanikirana kudzapangidwa kuti apeze mitundu yowoneka bwino komanso yowala komanso kusiyana pakati pa kuwala ndi mthunzi, ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito yosinthika komanso yogwirizana.
4. Mzeremizere imatanthawuza mizere yojambulidwa ndi cholembera.Muzojambula zamafuta, mizere imakokedwa ndi chitsogozo chofewa, chosongoka, koma m'mafashoni osiyanasiyana, mitu yozungulira, mawonekedwe ndi zolembera zakale zosalala zimathanso kujambulidwa ndi mizere yokhuthala ngati likulu lamphamvu la bukhu.Zithunzi zonse za kum'maŵa ndi kumadzulo zinayamba ndi mizere.Pazojambula zoyambirira zamafuta, nthawi zambiri zimayamba ndi mizere yolondola komanso yolimba.Njira yopangira mzere mu njira ya Tempera ndiyo njira yayikulu yopangira kuwala ndi mthunzi.Kujambula kwa mafuta akumadzulo pambuyo pake kunasintha kukhala kuwala ndi mthunzi ndi mutu wa thupi, koma ngakhale izi, Central Line ya kupenta mafuta sikunayambe.Wocheperako komanso wolimba mtima.Zowoneka bwino kapena zosafunikira osamamatira ndipo mizere yamitundu yonse yomwe imagwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza, imapangitsa kuti chilankhulo chojambula mafuta chikhale cholemera, kukonza mzere wam'mphepete mwa thupi losiyana ndikofunikira kwambiri.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ulusi mu utoto wa Kum'maŵa kunakhudzanso kalembedwe ka ambuye ambiri amakono akumadzulo, monga Matisse, Van Gogh, Picasso, Miro ndi Klee ndi akatswiri ogwiritsira ntchito ulusi.
5. SesaNthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kujowina midadada iwiri yoyandikana yamtundu, kuti isakhale yowuma kwambiri, pomwe mtunduwo suwuma ndi burashi yoyera umatha kukwaniritsa izi.Mtundu wina ukhozanso kusesedwa ndi cholembera pansi mtundu kuti utulutse mmwamba ndi pansi osagwedezeka, otayirira komanso osakhala amtundu wamtundu.
6. Kupondapondaamatanthauza kuviika mtundu ndi burashi yolimba ya bristle ndikudinda penti molunjika pa chithunzi ndi mutu wa cholembera.Njira yopondereza si yofala kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati dera likufuna mawonekedwe apadera.
7. Lalaamatanthauza kujambula nthawi zina ayenera kujambula mizere amphamvu ndi m'mbali lakuthwa zinthu, monga mbali ya lupanga kapena galasi, ndiye penti penti angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusintha mtundu kenako ntchito m'mphepete mwa tsamba kukoka mtundu pa. chithunzicho ndi mzere wabwino kapena mtundu wamtundu.Thupi lomwe limakokedwa ndi mpeni wojambula ndi lolimba komanso lotsimikizika, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzikwaniritsa ndi maburashi kapena njira zina.
8. Kufufutandi kuyala burashi mopingasa ndikusisita pa chithunzi ndi mimba ya burashi.Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wocheperako umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo okulirapo pofufuta, zomwe zimatha kupanga burashi yowoneka bwino komanso njira yodziwika bwino yoyika mtundu wapansi.Pamalo owuma kapena mawonekedwe osasunthika, kukwapula kwa burashi kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwonetsa zotsatira za utoto wachi China wowuluka woyera, kuti mawonekedwe ake awonekere.
9. Kuponderezedwandi kukanikiza pang'onopang'ono pa chonyowa mtundu wosanjikiza ndi pansi mpeni ndiyeno kuwukweza.Mtundu wamtundu udzatulutsa mawonekedwe apadera.M'malo ena omwe mawonekedwe apadera amafunikira kuwonetsedwa, njira zopondereza zimatha kukwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna.
10. Njirayi ndiyo kugwiritsira ntchito mpeni m’malo mwa burashi ya penti ndikupaka utoto pansalu mofanana ndi mmene womanga amagwiritsira ntchito trowel polira pulasitala, kusiya chizindikiro chachindunji cha mpeni.Njira yoyika njerwa imatha kukhala ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana ya makulidwe, kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe a mpeni ndi momwe mpeniwo umakhalira udzatulutsanso kusiyana kwakukulu.Kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni wojambula kuti atenge mitundu yosiyanasiyana popanda kusakanikirana kwambiri, kuwalola kusakaniza mwachibadwa pa chithunzicho kungapangitse maubwenzi osadziwika bwino.Zosanjikiza zamitundu yayikulu kwambiri zithanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyalira njerwa kapena miyala kuyala njerwa kapena miyala.Ngati njira yoyalira njerwa kapena miyala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, padzakhala mphamvu yowumbika.
11.Kujambulaamatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni wopenta posema mizere ya Yin ndi mawonekedwe ake pamtundu wonyowa, nthawi zina kumawonetsa mtundu wake.Mipeni yojambulira yosiyana imatha kupangitsa kusintha kosiyanasiyana pakuzama ndi makulidwe ndipo mtundu wamtundu womwe umapangidwa ndi burashi ndi njira zojambulira mipeni zimapanga kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mfundo, mzere ndi pamwamba.
12. Zikwapu zonse zimayambira pomwe, ndipo zikwapu zonse zimayambira pomwe.Kale mu njira yachikale ya tempela, kujambula madontho ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yofotokozera.Vermeer ankagwiritsanso ntchito madontho kusonyeza kuthwanima kwa kuwala ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu.Njira ya mfundo ya Impressionism yakhala imodzi mwazofunikira zake, koma njira ya monet, Renoir ndi Pissarro ili ndi zosintha zosiyanasiyana komanso umunthu.Neo-impressionists adachita monyanyira, pogwiritsa ntchito madontho ngati maburashi okhawo.Zojambula zamakono zamakono zamafuta zimagwiritsanso ntchito kachulukidwe ka mfundo kuti apange milingo ya kuwala ndi mithunzi, zomwe zingapangitse kusintha kotsimikizika osati kolimba.Njira yopangira mfundo imatha kupanga kusiyana kwakukulu ndi mzere komanso kuphatikiza koyenera mu njira yopenta.Burashi yamafuta yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana komanso kapangidwe kake imatha kupanga mikwingwirima yosiyana siyana, yomwe imatha kukhala ndi gawo lapadera pakupanga mawonekedwe azinthu zina.
13.Kukwapulandiye ntchito yayikulu yopenta mafuta mpeni.Njira yokolopa nthawi zambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito mpeni kuchotsa gawo lomwe silili bwino pachithunzichi.Kumapeto kwa tsiku la homuweki nthawi zambiri ayenera kumaliza kujambula kwa mbali ya mtundu ndi mpeni kuti ziume mu nthawi, ndiyeno tsiku lotsatira kujambula.Mtundu ukauma, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito mpeni kapena lumo kukwatula pang'ono pamalo ovuta.Itha kukwapulanso ndi mpeni pamtundu wonyowa kuti iwonetse mtundu wakumbuyo kuti iwonetse mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.
14. Smear Painting ngati mfundo yojambula ndi njira yojambula ndiyo njira yopangira mapepala opangira mafuta ndi mizere, ndiye kuti kujambula ndiko kupanga kalembedwe ka mafuta, ndiko kuti, njira yaikulu.Njira yopangira besmear imakhala ndi besmear yosalala, besmear wandiweyani komanso besmear yowonda, ilinso ndi njira yamitundu yamadontho yotchedwa smear yotchedwa scattered besmear.Kujambula kwapansi ndi njira yayikulu yojambulira malo akuluakulu a chipika chamtundu, ndipo ngakhale kujambula kopanda phokoso ndi njira yodziwika bwino yojambula mafuta okongoletsera.Kupaka utoto wokhuthala ndi chinthu chachikulu chojambula mafuta chomwe chimasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya utoto.Ikhoza kupanga utoto kutulutsa makulidwe ena ndikusiya zikwapu zoonekeratu kuti apange mawonekedwe.Kukanda kapena kukanikiza utoto wokhuthala kwambiri pachinsalu ndi mpeni wojambulira kumatchedwa stacking.Thin xu ndi mafuta atatha kufalikira pang'onopang'ono pachithunzichi, amatha kutulutsa zowonekera kapena zowoneka bwino.Scatter besmear imagwiritsa ntchito cholembera kuti iwoneke ngati yosinthika, chithumwa chauzimu chimakhala chowonekera.Kuphatikizidwa ndi kusesa kusesa kwa njira yokutira kumatchedwanso kuti kupaka halo.
15.SwingBurashi kuyika utoto mwachindunji pa chinsalu popanda kusintha zambiri amatchedwa swing, swing ndi chimodzi mwa zikwapu zoyambirira za kupenta mafuta.Njira yoyika nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa kujambula kwa mafuta kuti mupeze mgwirizano pakati pa mtundu ndi mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wina ndi burashi yolondola.Nthawi zambiri zimangotengera mikwingwirima pang'ono kuti musinthe chithunzi mu mfundo yofunika.Inde, zingakhale zothandiza musanalembe.
Mukujambula kuti muyese kufufuza, mudzamva njira zosiyanasiyana zikubweretserani zosiyana zowoneka bwino, njira iliyonse ili ndi zosiyana, zolimba mtima kuti ziwonetsedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-15-2021