Kodi mumaganizira kangati za backstory kumbuyo kwa mitundu yomwe mumasankha ngati wojambula?Takulandirani kuti tiwone mozama zomwe zobiriwira zimatanthauza.
Mwina nkhalango yobiriwira nthawi zonse kapena mwayi wokhala ndi masamba anayi.Maganizo a ufulu, udindo, kapena nsanje angabwere m’maganizo.Koma n’chifukwa chiyani timaona zobiriwira motere?Ndi matanthauzo ati ena omwe amabweretsa?Mfundo yakuti mtundu umodzi ukhoza kutulutsa zithunzi ndi mitu yosiyanasiyana yotere ndi yochititsa chidwi.
Moyo, kubadwanso, ndi chilengedwe
Chaka chatsopano chimabweretsa zoyamba zatsopano, malingaliro otukuka ndi zoyambira zatsopano.Kaya zikuwonetsa kukula, chonde kapena kubadwanso, zobiriwira zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka zikwi zambiri monga chizindikiro cha moyo wokha.M'nthano yachisilamu, munthu wopatulika Al-Khidr amaimira kusafa ndipo akufotokozedwa muzithunzi zachipembedzo atavala mwinjiro wobiriwira.Aigupto akale ankasonyeza Osiris, mulungu wa kudziko la pansi ndi kubadwanso mwatsopano, mu khungu lobiriwira, monga momwe amawonera pa manda a Nefertari kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1300 BC.Chodabwitsa, komabe, zobiriwira poyamba zinalephera kupirira mayesero a nthawi.Kugwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kwa dziko lapansi ndi mchere wamkuwa wa malachite kupanga utoto wobiriwira kumatanthawuza kuti moyo wake wautali udzasokonezedwa pakapita nthawi pamene pigment yobiriwira imasanduka yakuda.Komabe, cholowa chobiriwira monga chizindikiro cha moyo ndi chiyambi chatsopano sichinasinthe.
M'Chijapani, mawu oti zobiriwira ndi midori, omwe amachokera ku "masamba" kapena "kukula."Zofunikira pakupenta malo, zobiriwira zidakula muzojambula zazaka za zana la 19.Taganizirani kusakaniza kwa mitundu yobiriwira ndi emerald mu Van Gogh's 1889 Green Wheat Field, Morisot's Summer (c. 1879) ndi Monet's Iris (c. 1914-17).Mtunduwu udasinthanso kuchokera ku chinsalu kupita ku chizindikiro chapadziko lonse lapansi, chodziwika mu mbendera za Pan-African zazaka za zana la 20.Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1920 kuti ilemekeze anthu akuda padziko lonse lapansi, mikwingwirima yobiriwira ya mbendera imayimira chuma chachilengedwe cha nthaka ya ku Africa ndikukumbutsa anthu za mizu yawo.
Udindo ndi Chuma
Pofika m’zaka za m’ma Middle Ages, zobiriwira za ku Ulaya zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyanitsa olemera ndi osauka.Kuvala zobiriwira kumatha kuwonetsa chikhalidwe cha anthu kapena ntchito yolemekezeka, mosiyana ndi gulu la anthu wamba omwe amavala imvi ndi zofiirira.Nkhani yaukadaulo ya Jan Van Eyck, The Marriage of Arnolfini (c. 1435), yatulutsa matanthauzidwe osawerengeka mozungulira chithunzi cha banja lodabwitsali.Komabe, chinthu chimodzi nchosatsutsika: chuma chawo ndi udindo wawo.Van Eyck anagwiritsa ntchito zobiriwira zobiriwira popanga madiresi aakazi, imodzi mwazopatsa zawo zopatsa chidwi.Panthawiyo, kupanga nsalu yamitunduyi inali yodula komanso yowononga nthawi yomwe inkafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mchere ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
Komabe, zobiriwira zili ndi malire ake.Chojambula chodziwika kwambiri cha nthawi zonse chimasonyeza chitsanzo chovala zobiriwira;mu "Mona Lisa" ya Leonardo da Vinci (1503-1519), chovala chobiriwira chimasonyeza kuti adachokera ku olemekezeka, chifukwa chofiira chimasungidwa kwa akuluakulu.Masiku ano, ubale ndi wobiriwira ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu wasamukira ku chuma chachuma m'malo mwa kalasi.Kuchokera pamabilu obiriwira omwe adazimiririka kuyambira 1861 mpaka matebulo obiriwira mkati mwa kasino, zobiriwira zikuyimira kusintha kwakukulu m'mene timawerengera malo athu masiku ano.
Poizoni, Nsanje ndi Chinyengo
Ngakhale kuti zobiriwira zakhala zikugwirizana ndi matenda kuyambira nthawi zakale za Agiriki ndi Aroma, timati kugwirizana kwake ndi nsanje kwa William Shakespeare.Mawu akuti "chilombo chamaso obiriwira" adapangidwa poyambirira ndi bard mu The Merchant of Venice (cha m'ma 1596-1599), ndipo "maso obiriwira ansanje" ndi mawu otengedwa kuchokera ku Othello (cha m'ma 1603).Kuyanjana kosadalirika kumeneku ndi zobiriwira kunapitirirabe m’zaka za zana la 18, pamene utoto wapoizoni ndi utoto unagwiritsidwa ntchito pa wallpaper, upholstery ndi zovala.Zobiriwira ndizosavuta kupanga ndi zowala, zobiriwira zobiriwira zowoneka bwino, ndipo chobiriwira chodziwika bwino cha arsenic chokhala ndi Scheele's Green chinapangidwa mu 1775 ndi Carl Wilhelm Scheele.Arsenic amatanthauza kwa nthawi yoyamba kuti zobiriwira zowoneka bwino zimatha kupangidwa, ndipo mawonekedwe ake olimba mtima anali otchuka m'magulu a Victorian ku London ndi Paris, osadziwa zotsatira zake zoyipa.
Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa matenda ndi imfa zomwe zinachititsa kuti mtunduwo usiye kupangidwa pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.Posachedwapa, buku la L. Frank Baum la 1900 lakuti Wizard of Oz linagwiritsa ntchito zobiriwira monga njira yachinyengo ndi chinyengo.Mfitiyo imakhazikitsa lamulo lomwe limatsimikizira anthu okhala mu Mzinda wa Emerald kuti mzinda wawo ndi wokongola kwambiri kuposa momwe ulili: "Anthu anga akhala akuvala magalasi obiriwira kwa nthawi yayitali kotero kuti ambiri akuganiza kuti ndi Mzinda wa Emerald.Komanso, pamene situdiyo ya filimu ya MGM idaganiza kuti Wicked Witch of the West adzakhala wobiriwira, mawonekedwe amtundu wa 1939 adasintha mawonekedwe a mfiti pachikhalidwe chodziwika bwino.
Ufulu ndi Kudziimira
Green wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuimira ufulu ndi ufulu kuyambira zaka za zana la 20.Chithunzi cha Tamara de Lempicka chowoneka bwino cha 1925 cha Tamara mu Bugatti wobiriwira chidawonetsedwa pachikuto cha magazini ya mafashoni yaku Germany ya Die Dame ndipo chakhala chizindikiro cha kukwera kwa gulu lomenyera ufulu la amayi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20.Ngakhale wojambulayo alibe galimoto ya dzina lomwelo, Lempicka pampando wa dalaivala amaimira zabwino kwambiri kudzera mu luso.Posachedwapa, mu 2021, wosewera Elliot Page adakongoletsa chovala cha suti yake ya Met Gala ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira;ulemu kwa wolemba ndakatulo Oscar Wilde, yemwe anachita chimodzimodzi mu 1892 monga chizindikiro cha mgwirizano wachinsinsi pakati pa amuna okhaokha.Masiku ano, mawuwa atha kuwonedwa ngati chizindikiro chaufulu ndi mgwirizano wotseguka pothandizira gulu la LGBT +.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-17-2022